Exploration of the Role of NMDAR in Stroke

The N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) plays an important role in the stroke process. Taken together, the current research is summarized in the following three points. First, different NMDAR subtypes may regulate the direction of neuronal survival and death, and second, synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDARs represent two functionally distinct NMDAR populations. Third, NMDAR activation is associated with multiple downstream signaling pathways, including survival-promoting and death-promoting signaling pathways.

Therefore, Ace Therapeutics provides a one-stop research service platform for exploring the role of NMDAR in the process of stroke onset.

Exploration of the Role of Different NMDAR Subtypes in Stroke

Given that NMDAR has different isoforms, Ace Therapeutics provides different methods to identify the different isoforms of NMDAR. Since the "NMDAR isoforms" hypothesis suggests that activation of GluN2A-containing NMADR supports neuronal survival, while activation of GluN2B-containing NMDAR induces neuronal death, and that GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2B may have both pro-survival and pro-death functions, Ace Therapeutics offers various in vitro and in vivo models, such as GFP-GluN2B neuronal model and knockout mouse model, combined with antagonists, inhibitors and agonists of NMDAR, to further explore the effects of different subunit combinations of NMDAR on neurons in physiological and pathological situations.

Fig. 1 Differential Roles of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Glutamate Receptor (NMDAR) Subtypes during Cerebral Ischemia. (Ge, Y, et al., 2020)

Exploration of the Role of Location of NMDAR in Stroke

In response to the differential activity of synaptic NMDAR and extrasynaptic NMDAR and the fact that synaptic NMDAR mediates neuronal survival signaling pathways and extrasynaptic receptors activate neuronal death signaling pathways, Ace Therapeutics offers a comprehensive service to explore the role of NMDAR location in the stroke process.

• We evaluated the protective effect of synaptic NMDAR activation on neurons by activating synaptic NMDAR to detect the level of phosphorylated ERK and Jacob's phosphorylation and nuclear translocation.
• The pro-death effect of extrasynaptic NMDAR activation on neurons was evaluated by activating extrasynaptic NMDAR to detect the levels of active substances such as calcium-dependent protease m-calpain, lactate dehydrogenase, and arachidonic acid.

We have established a stable and mature service workflow, relying on our mature protein detection and identification technology, ion channel activity detection technology, and other platforms to accelerate your research.

Exploration of the Role of NMDAR Signaling Cascades in Stroke

Different subtypes of NMDAR and different locations of NMDAR all combine with different excitatory cascade responses to form NMDAR populations, forming signaling complexes that exert different neuronal functions and thus influence the course of stroke attack.

• For the cascade responses of NMDAR, we provide targeted services to the GluN2B-PSD95-nNOS pathway, GluN2B-DAPK1-p53 pathway, GluN1-PTEN pathway, and other pathways, for example, through agonists and inhibitors and other modulators, we established in vitro and in vivo stroke models after the regulation of related pathways to further verify their role in stroke We established in vitro and in vivo stroke models after the regulation of related pathways by agonists and inhibitors to further verify their roles in the process of stroke onset.
• We provide various testing services to validate the role of NMDAR signaling cascades in stroke, such as biomarkers, post-stroke brain pathology testing, and behavioral testing.

Ace Therapeutics provides ELISA, fluorescent quantitative PCR, and biochemical assays to meet the needs of experiments, and we offer personalized services such as custom antibodies and ELISA kits to accelerate your understanding of the role of NMDAR in stroke pathology. If you would like to learn more about our services, please feel free to contact us.

1. Ge, Y, et al., Nmdars in cell survival and death: Implications in stroke pathogenesis and treatment. Trends Mol Med, 2020. 26(6): p. 533-551.
2. Paul, S.Candelario-Jalil, E., Emerging neuroprotective strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke: An overview of clinical and preclinical studies. Exp Neurol, 2021. 335: p. 113518.